Portugal’s legacy is reflected in its historical and cultural heritage plus its significant landmarks. It is a nation that has shaped and been shaped by centuries of history.
On the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal stands as one of Europe’s oldest nation-states, boasting a rich tapestry of history and culture that stretches back centuries.
Founded in 1143, its current borders were established in the mid-13th century, making them among the oldest in Europe, and the world.
Portugal’s past is reflected in several significant landmarks, institutions and culinary delights that continue to attract historians and travellers alike.
One of the oldest cities in Western Europe
The capital city of Portugal, Lisbon, is recognised as one of the oldest cities in Western Europe.
Although often disputed, present-day cities are listed by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited as a city. Lisbon is noted as being continuously inhabited since the 8th century.
With a history that dates back over 2,000 years, Lisbon has been a witness to a myriad of historical events and cultural shifts, including the tsunami and subsequent earthquake of 1755.
Its strategic location along the Tagus River made it an important port throughout history, and its charming neighbourhoods and historic architecture offer a glimpse into its extensive past.
A pillar of academic excellence in Europe
The University of Coimbra, founded in 1290, is a testament to Portugal’s long-standing tradition of academic excellence. Its distinguished history is reflected in its well-preserved buildings and continued role as a leading educational institution.
Originally founded in Lisbon in 1290, the University of Coimbra underwent several relocations due to demands from various kings, before settling in Coimbra. This city, the third largest in the country, is rich in Roman-era history as are many of the big cities in the country.
With a student body of over 24,000, the University of Coimbra has undergone numerous significant reforms and was, for much of the 18th century, the sole functioning university in Portugal.
In 2013, the University of Coimbra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, honoured for its historical architecture, open courtyards, cultural traditions, and breathtaking city vistas.
The most westerly point of Europe
For those interested in geographic landmarks, Portugal also holds the title of the westernmost point of mainland Europe, Cabo da Roca, and also of Europe itself, Monchique Islet.
The dramatic cliffs of Cabo da Roca, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, offer breathtaking views and is easily found to visit.
However, Monchique Islet (Ilhéu de Monchique) is not easily accessible at all. It is located west of the island of Flores, one of the Portuguese Azores islands located in the mid-Atlantic.
Bertrand Bookstore: An historic treasure
No discussion of Portugal’s historical significance would be complete without mentioning Bertrand bookstore.
Established in Lisbon in 1732, Bertrand holds the prestigious title of the oldest bookstore in the world that is still in operation.
The Lisbon shop heads a nation-wide chain of bookstores, with books sold in various languages.
Find out more about Portugal, such as the oldest navy in the world, Portugal’s world records its wines and food.
Portugal’s rich heritage is embodied in its ancient capital, historic educational institutions, strategic geographic locations and cultural landmarks. Each of these elements contributes to the country’s unique position in European history, making Portugal a fascinating destination for those interested in exploring the country’s historical roots.